Linear and nonlinear electro-elastic/electro-damping effect in ferroelectric ceramics

The linear piezoelectric and nonlinear hysteresis behaviors of ferroelectrics are well-known have been extensively studied. However, less attention has paid to the variations their mechanical properties under electric loading. In this work, using tube cylinder specimens, three independent elastic coefficients related internal frictions PZT-5H ferroelectric ceramics measured our proposed modified ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (M-PUCOT) an field E3 along poling direction. Results show that low fields, s11E, s66E all decrease linearly with E3, whereas s44E increases E3. Based on these results, two fifth-order tensors defined, i.e., electro-elastic electro-damping tensor reduced symbol pikl qikl, among which p311, p366, p344 q311, q366, q344 obtained in work. When applied exceeds coercive (∼500 V/mm), electro-elastic/electro-damping effect dominates, resulting reversed butterfly curves for s11E s44E. As large bipolar they seem be a superposition peak or valley at field. is caused by reversible domain wall motions while non-180° switching well reproduced statistical model. results work offer new insight into electromechanical coupling behavior materials.